Open with a transparent intent statement that reduces guessing and anxiety. Try, “I want us to look at one recent deliverable, notice what worked, understand what blocked progress, and agree on one experiment for next sprint.” Naming scope, desired outcomes, and timebox builds trust from the start.
Invite collaboration by asking what the other person needs from the conversation. Offer two or three options and let them prioritize. Even a two-minute agenda check shifts ownership, reduces defensiveness, and improves focus. People support what they help shape, especially when stakes feel high.
Describe the Situation, what Behavior you observed, and the Impact it created, then invite reflection and ideas. Keep it neutral and precise: dates, deliverables, stakeholders. Close with a collaborative commitment, not a verdict. This helps adults learn without shame and move quickly toward improvement.
Use Situation, Task, Action, Result to connect expectations with outcomes. Ask the employee to narrate their steps, then compare against success criteria. Highlight bright spots before skill gaps. The clear chain from action to result turns subjective judgments into teachable, repeatable insights for future projects.
Context, Observation, Impact, Next steps provide a respectful rhythm when tensions run high. Start by aligning on context and constraints, then share specific observations. Explore mutual impact, including your own. Co-create next steps that are proportionate, time-bound, and realistic, keeping agency shared and accountability visible.
Trading “unreliable” for “missed the Tuesday 4 p.m. handoff, which delayed testing by a day” keeps people receptive. Observations are debatable only on facts, not identity. That distinction protects relationships, reduces shame spirals, and makes it easier to say yes to change.
Use open questions that surface reasoning and constraints without blame. Try, “What tradeoffs did you see?” or “Which support would have changed the outcome most?” Listening for context turns surprises into system fixes, and signals partnership rather than surveillance. Curiosity builds truth faster than certainty.